The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.